| B2 | ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIVING SYSTEMS | |||||
| B2 | L2.p1 | Cells | ||||
| B2 | L2.p1 | Cells | prerequisite | L2.p1A | Distinguish between living and nonliving systems. | |
| B2 | L2.p1 | Cells | prerequisite | L2.p1B | Explain the importance of both water and the element carbon to cells. | |
| B2 | L2.p1 | Cells | prerequisite | L2.p1C | Describe growth and development in terms of increase in cell number, cell size, and/or cell products. | |
| B2 | L2.p1 | Cells | prerequisite | L2.p1D | Explain how the systems in a multicellular organism work together to support the organism. | |
| B2 | L2.p1 | Cells | prerequisite | L2.p1E | Compare and contrast how different organisms accomplish similar functions (e.g., obtain oxygen for respiration, and excrete waste). | |
| B2 | L2.p2 | Cell Function | ||||
| B2 | L2.p2 | Cell Function | prerequisite | L2.p2A | Describe how organisms sustain life by obtaining, transporting, transforming, releasing, and eliminating matter and energy. | |
| B2 | L2.p2 | Cell Function | prerequisite | L2.p2B | Describe the effect of limiting food to developing cells. | |
| B2 | L2.p3 | Plants as Producers | ||||
| B2 | L2.p3 | Plants as Producers | prerequisite | L2.p3A | Explain the signifi cance of carbon in organic molecules. | |
| B2 | L2.p3 | Plants as Producers | prerequisite | L2.p3B | Explain the origins of plant mass. | |
| B2 | L2.p3 | Plants as Producers | prerequisite | L2.p3C | Predict what would happen to plants growing in low carbon dioxide atmospheres. | |
| B2 | L2.p3 | Plants as Producers | prerequisite | L2.p3D | Explain how the roots of specifi c plants grow. | |
| B2 | L2.p4 | Animals as Consumers | ||||
| B2 | L2.p4 | Animals as Consumers | prerequisite | L2.p4A | Classify different organisms based on how they obtain energy for growth and development. | |
| B2 | L2.p4 | Animals as Consumers | prerequisite | L2.p4B | Explain how an organism obtains energy from the food it consumes. | |
| B2 | L2.p5 | Common Elements | ||||
| B2 | L2.p5 | Common Elements | prerequisite | L2.p5A | Recognize the six most common elements in organic molecules (C, H, N, O, P, S). | |
| B2 | L2.p5 | Common Elements | prerequisite | L2.p5B | Identify the most common complex molecules that make up living organisms. | |
| B2 | L2.p5 | Common Elements | prerequisite | L2.p5C | Predict what would happen if essential elements were withheld from developing cells. | |
| B2 | B2.1 | Transformation of Matter and Energy in Cells | ||||
| B2 | B2.1 | Transformation of Matter and Energy in Cells | essential | B2.1A | Explain how cells transform energy (ultimately obtained from the sun) from one form to another through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. Identify the reactants and products in the general reaction of photosynthesis. | |
| B2 | B2.1 | Transformation of Matter and Energy in Cells | essential | B2.1B | Compare and contrast the transformation of matter and energy during photosynthesis and respiration. | |
| B2 | B2.1 | Transformation of Matter and Energy in Cells | essential | B2.1C | Explain cell division, growth, and development as a consequence of an increase in cell number, cell size, and/or cell products. | |
| B2 | B2.1x | Cell Differentiation | core | B2.1d | Describe how, through cell division, cells can become specialized for specifi c function. | |
| B2 | B2.1x | Cell Differentiation | core | B2.1e | Predict what would happen if the cells from one part of a developing embryo were transplanted to another part of the embryo. | |
| B2 | B2.2 | Organic Molecules | ||||
| B2 | B2.2 | Organic Molecules | essential | B2.2A | Explain how carbon can join to other carbon atoms in chains and rings to form large and complex molecules. | |
| B2 | B2.2 | Organic Molecules | essential | B2.2B | Recognize the six most common elements in organic molecules (C, H, N, O, P, S). | |
| B2 | B2.2 | Organic Molecules | essential | B2.2C | Describe the composition of the four major categories of organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). | |
| B2 | B2.2 | Organic Molecules | essential | B2.2D | Explain the general structure and primary functions of the major complex organic molecules that compose living organisms. | |
| B2 | B2.2 | Organic Molecules | essential | B2.2E | Describe how dehydration and hydrolysis relate to organic molecules. | |
| B2 | B2.2x | Proteins | ||||
| B2 | B2.2x | Proteins | core | B2.2f | Explain the role of enzymes and other proteins in biochemical functions (e.g., the protein hemoglobin carries oxygen in some organisms, digestive enzymes, and hormones). | |
| B2 | B2.2x | Proteins | core | B2.2g | Propose how moving an organism to a new environment may infl uence it ability to survive and predict the possible impact of this type of transfer. | |
| B2 | B2.3 | Maintaining Environmental Stability | ||||
| B2 | B2.3 | Maintaining Environmental Stability | essential | B2.3A | Describe how cells function in a narrow range of physical conditions, such as temperature and pH (acidity), to perform life functions. | |
| B2 | B2.3 | Maintaining Environmental Stability | essential | B2.3B | Describe how the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment is required for the continuation of life. | |
| B2 | B2.3 | Maintaining Environmental Stability | essential | B2.3C | Explain how stability is challenged by changing physical, chemical, and environmental conditions as well as the presence of disease agents. | |
| B2 | B2.3x | Homeostasis | ||||
| B2 | B2.3x | Homeostasis | core | B2.3d | Identify the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, protection from disease, and movement, control, and coordination) and describe ways that these systems interact with each | |
| B2 | B2.3x | Homeostasis | core | B2.3e | Describe how human body systems maintain relatively constant internal conditions (temperature, acidity, and blood sugar). | |
| B2 | B2.3x | Homeostasis | core | B2.3f | Explain how human organ systems help maintain human health. | |
| B2 | B2.3x | Homeostasis | core | B2.3g | Compare the structure and function of a human body system or subsystem to a nonliving system (e.g., human joints to hinges, enzyme and substrate to interlocking puzzle pieces). | |
| B2 | B2.4 | Cell Specialization | ||||
| B2 | B2.4 | Cell Specialization | essential | B2.4A | Explain that living things can be classifi ed based on structural, embryological, and molecular (relatedness of DNA sequence) evidence. | |
| B2 | B2.4 | Cell Specialization | essential | B2.4B | Describe how various organisms have developed different specializations to accomplish a particular function and yet the end result is the same (e.g., excreting nitrogenous wastes in animals, obtaining oxygen for respiration). | |
| B2 | B2.4 | Cell Specialization | essential | B2.4C | Explain how different organisms accomplish the same result using different structural specializations (gills vs. lungs vs. membranes). | |
| B2 | B2.4 | Cell Specialization | core | B2.4d | Analyze the relationships among organisms based on their shared physical, biochemical, genetic, and cellular characteristics and functional processes. | |
| B2 | B2.4 | Cell Specialization | core | B2.4e | Explain how cellular respiration is important for the production of ATP (build on aerobic vs. anaerobic). | |
| B2 | B2.4 | Cell Specialization | core | B2.4f | Recognize and describe that both living and nonliving things are composed of compounds, which are themselves made up of elements joined by energycontaining bonds, such as those in ATP. | |
| B2 | B2.4 | Cell Specialization | core | B2.4g | Explain that some structures in the modern eukaryotic cell developed from early prokaryotes, such as mitochondria, and in plants, chloroplasts. | |
| B2 | B2.4 | Cell Specialization | core | B2.4h | Describe the structures of viruses and bacteria. | |
| B2 | B2.4 | Cell Specialization | core | B2.4i | Recognize that while viruses lack cellular structure, they have the genetic material to invade living cells. | |
| B2 | B2.5 | Living Organism Composition | ||||
| B2 | B2.5 | Living Organism Composition | essential | B2.5A | Recognize and explain that macromolecules such as lipids contain high energy bonds. | |
| B2 | B2.5 | Living Organism Composition | essential | B2.5B | Explain how major systems and processes work together in animals and plants, including relationships between organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms. Relate these to molecular functions. | |
| B2 | B2.5 | Living Organism Composition | essential | B2.5C | Describe how energy is transferred and transformed from the Sun to energy-rich molecules during photosynthesis. | |
| B2 | B2.5 | Living Organism Composition | essential | B2.5D | Describe how individual cells break down energy-rich molecules to provide energy for cell functions. | |
| B2 | B2.5x | Energy Transfer | ||||
| B2 | B2.5x | Energy Transfer | core | B2.5e | Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of ATP synthesis and degradation. | |
| B2 | B2.5x | Energy Transfer | core | B2.5f | Relate plant structures and functions to the process of photosynthesis and respiration. | |
| B2 | B2.5x | Energy Transfer | core | B2.5g | Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. | |
| B2 | B2.5x | Energy Transfer | core | B2.5h | Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, and active transport). | |
| B2 | B2.5x | Energy Transfer | core | B2.5i | Relate cell parts/organelles to their function. | |
| B2 | B2.6x | Internal/External Cell Regulation | ||||
| B2 | B2.6x | Internal/External Cell Regulation | core | B2.6a | Explain that the regulatory and behavioral responses of an organism to external stimuli occur in order to maintain both short- and long-term equilibrium. | |
| B2 | B2.6x | Internal/External Cell Regulation | recommended | B2.r6b | Explain that complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell cause distinct cycles of activities, such as growth and division. Note that cell behavior can also be affected by molecules from other parts of the organism, such as horm | |
| B2 | B2.6x | Internal/External Cell Regulation | recommended | B2.r6c | Recognize and explain that communication and/or interaction are required between cells to coordinate their diverse activities. | |
| B2 | B2.6x | Internal/External Cell Regulation | recommended | B2.r6d | Explain how higher levels of organization result from specifi c complex interactions of smaller units and that their maintenance requires a constant input of energy as well as new material. | |
| B2 | B2.6x | Internal/External Cell Regulation | recommended | B2.r6e | Analyze the body | |
| B3 | INTERDEPENDENCE OF LIVING SYSTEMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT | |||||
| B3 | L3.p1 | Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems | ||||
| B3 | L3.p1 | Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems | prerequisite | L3.p1A | Provide examples of a population, community, and ecosystem. | |
| B3 | L3.p2 | Relationships Among Organisms | ||||
| B3 | L3.p2 | Relationships Among Organisms | prerequisite | L3.p2A | Describe common relationships among organisms and provide examples of producer/consumer, predator/prey, or parasite/host relationship. | |
| B3 | L3.p2 | Relationships Among Organisms | prerequisite | L3.p2B | Describe common ecological relationships between and among species and their environments (competition, territory, carrying capacity, natural balance, population, dependence, survival, and other biotic and abiotic factors). | |
| B3 | L3.p2 | Relationships Among Organisms | prerequisite | L3.p2C | Describe the role of decomposers in the transfer of energy in an ecosystem. | |
| B3 | L3.p2 | Relationships Among Organisms | prerequisite | L3.p2D | Explain how two organisms can be mutually beneficial and how that can lead to interdependency. | |
| B3 | L3.p3 | Factors Influencing Ecosystems | ||||
| B3 | L3.p3 | Factors Influencing Ecosystems | prerequisite | L3.p3A | Identify the factors in an ecosystem that influence fluctuations in population size. | |
| B3 | L3.p3 | Factors Influencing Ecosystems | prerequisite | L3.p3B | Distinguish between the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of an ecosystem. | |
| B3 | L3.p3 | Factors Influencing Ecosystems | prerequisite | L3.p3C | Explain how biotic and abiotic factors cycle in an ecosystem (water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen). | |
| B3 | L3.p3 | Factors Influencing Ecosystems | prerequisite | L3.p3D | Predict how changes in one population might affect other populations based upon their relationships in a food web. | |
| B3 | L3.4 | Human Impact on Ecosystems | ||||
| B3 | L3.4 | Human Impact on Ecosystems | prerequisite | L3.4A | Recognize that, and describe how, human beings are part of Earth | |
| B3 | B3.1 | Photosynthesis and Respiration | ||||
| B3 | B3.1 | Photosynthesis and Respiration | essential | B3.1A | Describe how organisms acquire energy directly or indirectly from sunlight. | |
| B3 | B3.1 | Photosynthesis and Respiration | essential | B3.1B | Illustrate and describe the energy conversions that occur during photosynthesis and respiration. | |
| B3 | B3.1 | Photosynthesis and Respiration | essential | B3.1C | Recognize the equations for photosynthesis and respiration and identify the reactants and products for both. | |
| B3 | B3.1 | Photosynthesis and Respiration | essential | B3.1D | Explain how living organisms gain and use mass through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. | |
| B3 | B3.1 | Photosynthesis and Respiration | core | B3.1e | Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration and explain in words what they mean. | |
| B3 | B3.1 | Photosynthesis and Respiration | core | B3.1f | Summarize the process of photosynthesis. | |
| B3 | B3.2 | Ecosystems | ||||
| B3 | B3.2 | Ecosystems | essential | B3.2A | Identify how energy is stored in an ecosystem. | |
| B3 | B3.2 | Ecosystems | essential | B3.2B | Describe energy transfer through an ecosystem, accounting for energy lost to the environment as heat. | |
| B3 | B3.2 | Ecosystems | essential | B3.2C | Draw the fl ow of energy through an ecosystem. Predict changes in the food web when one or more organisms are removed. | |
| B3 | B3.3 | Element Recombination | ||||
| B3 | B3.3 | Element Recombination | essential | B3.3A | Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers and explain the transfer of energy through trophic levels. | |
| B3 | B3.3 | Element Recombination | core | B3.3b | Describe environmental processes (e.g., the carbon and nitrogen cycles) and their role in processing matter crucial for sustaining life. | |
| B3 | B3.4 | Changes in Ecosystems | ||||
| B3 | B3.4 | Changes in Ecosystems | essential | B3.4A | Describe ecosystem stability. Understand that if a disaster such as fl ood or fi re occurs, the damaged ecosystem is likely to recover in stages of succession that eventually result in a system similar to the original one. | |
| B3 | B3.4 | Changes in Ecosystems | essential | B3.4B | Recognize and describe that a great diversity of species increases the chance that at least some living organisms will survive in the face of cataclysmic changes in the environment. | |
| B3 | B3.4 | Changes in Ecosystems | essential | B3.4C | Examine the negative impact of human activities. | |
| B3 | B3.4x | Human Impact | ||||
| B3 | B3.4x | Human Impact | core | B3.4d | Describe the greenhouse effect and list possible causes. | |
| B3 | B3.4x | Human Impact | core | B3.4e | List the possible causes and consequences of global warming. | |
| B3 | B3.5 | Populations | ||||
| B3 | B3.5 | Populations | essential | B3.5A | Graph changes in population growth, given a data table. | |
| B3 | B3.5 | Populations | essential | B3.5B | Explain the infl uences that affect population growth. | |
| B3 | B3.5 | Populations | essential | B3.5C | Predict the consequences of an invading organism on the survival of other organisms. | |
| B3 | B3.5x | Environmental Factors | ||||
| B3 | B3.5x | Environmental Factors | core | B3.5d | Describe different reproductive strategies employed by various organisms and explain their advantages and disadvantages. | |
| B3 | B3.5x | Environmental Factors | core | B3.5e | Recognize that and describe how the physical or chemical environment may infl uence the rate, extent, and nature of population dynamics within ecosystems. | |
| B3 | B3.5x | Environmental Factors | core | B3.5f | Graph an example of exponential growth. Then show the population leveling off at the carrying capacity of the environment. | |
| B3 | B3.5x | Environmental Factors | recommended | B3.r5g | Diagram and describe the stages of the life cycle for a human disease-causing organism. | |
| B4 | GENETICS | |||||
| B4 | L4.p1 | Reproduction | ||||
| B4 | L4.p1 | Reproduction | prerequisite | L4.p1A | Compare and contrast the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction. | |
| B4 | L4.p1 | Reproduction | prerequisite | L4.p1B | Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of sexual vs. asexual reproduction. | |
| B4 | L4.p2 | Heredity and Environment | ||||
| B4 | L4.p2 | Heredity and Environment | prerequisite | L4.p2A | Explain that the traits of an individual are infl uenced by both the environment and the genetics of the individual. Acquired traits are not inherited; only genetic traits are inherited. | |
| B4 | B4.1 | Genetics and Inherited Traits | ||||
| B4 | B4.1 | Genetics and Inherited Traits | essential | B4.1A | Draw and label a homologous chromosome pair with heterozygous alleles highlighting a particular gene location. | |
| B4 | B4.1 | Genetics and Inherited Traits | essential | B4.1B | Explain that the information passed from parents to offspring is transmitted by means of genes that are coded in DNA molecules. These genes contain the information for the production of proteins. | |
| B4 | B4.1 | Genetics and Inherited Traits | core | B4.1c | Differentiate between dominant, recessive, codominant, polygenic, and sex-linked traits. | |
| B4 | B4.1 | Genetics and Inherited Traits | core | B4.1d | Explain the genetic basis for Mendel | |
| B4 | B4.1 | Genetics and Inherited Traits | core | B4.1e | Determine the genotype and phenotype of monohybrid crosses using a Punnett Square. | |
| B4 | B4.2 | DNA | ||||
| B4 | B4.2 | DNA | essential | B4.2A | Show that when mutations occur in sex cells, they can be passed on to offspring (inherited mutations), but if they occur in other cells, they can be passed on to descendant cells only (noninherited mutations). | |
| B4 | B4.2 | DNA | essential | B4.2B | Recognize that every species has its own characteristic DNA sequence. | |
| B4 | B4.2 | DNA | essential | B4.2C | Describe the structure and function of DNA. | |
| B4 | B4.2 | DNA | essential | B4.2D | Predict the consequences that changes in the DNA composition of particular genes may have on an organism (e.g., sickle cell anemia, other). | |
| B4 | B4.2 | DNA | essential | B4.2E | Propose possible effects (on the genes) of exposing an organism to radiation and toxic chemicals. | |
| B4 | B4.2x | DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis | ||||
| B4 | B4.2x | DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis | core | B4.2f | Demonstrate how the genetic information in DNA molecules provides instructions for assembling protein molecules and that this is virtually the same mechanism for all life forms. | |
| B4 | B4.2x | DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis | core | B4.2g | Describe the processes of replication, transcription, and translation and how they relate to each other in molecular biology. | |
| B4 | B4.2x | DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis | core | B4.2h | Recognize that genetic engineering techniques provide great potential and responsibilities. | |
| B4 | B4.2x | DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis | recommended | B4.r2i | Explain how recombinant DNA technology allows scientists to analyze the structure and function of genes. | |
| B4 | B4.3 | Cell Division | ||||
| B4 | B4.3 | Cell Division | essential | B4.3A | Compare and contrast the processes of cell division (mitosis and meiosis), particularly as those processes relate to production of new cells and to passing on genetic information between generations. | |
| B4 | B4.3 | Cell Division | essential | B4.3B | Explain why only mutations occurring in gametes (sex cells) can be passed on to offspring. | |
| B4 | B4.3 | Cell Division | essential | B4.3C | Explain how it might be possible to identify genetic defects from just a karyotype of a few cells. | |
| B4 | B4.3 | Cell Division | core | B4.3d | Explain that the sorting and recombination of genes in sexual reproduction result in a great variety of possible gene combinations from the offspring of two parents. | |
| B4 | B4.3 | Cell Division | core | B4.3e | Recognize that genetic variation can occur from such processes as crossing over, jumping genes, and deletion and duplication of genes. | |
| B4 | B4.3 | Cell Division | core | B4.3f | Predict how mutations may be transferred to progeny. | |
| B4 | B4.3 | Cell Division | core | B4.3g | Explain that cellular differentiation results from gene expression and/or environmental infl uence (e.g., metamorphosis, nutrition). | |
| B4 | B4.4x | Genetic Variation | ||||
| B4 | B4.4x | Genetic Variation | core | B4.4a | Describe how inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments can alter a gene. Recognize that an altered gene may be passed on to every cell that develops from it and that the resulting features may help, harm, or have little or no effect on the offspri | |
| B4 | B4.4x | Genetic Variation | core | B4.4b | Explain that gene mutation in a cell can result in uncontrolled cell division called cancer. Also know that exposure of cells to certain chemicals and radiation increases mutations and thus increases the chance of cancer. | |
| B4 | B4.4x | Genetic Variation | core | B4.4c | Explain how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may be silent or result in phenotypic change in an organism and in its offspring. | |
| B4 | B4.r5x | Recombinant DNA | ||||
| B4 | B4.r5x | Recombinant DNA | recommended | B4.r5a | Explain how recombinant DNA technology allows scientists to analyze the structure and function of genes. | |
| B4 | B4.r5x | Recombinant DNA | recommended | B4.r5b | Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of human manipulation of DNA. | |
| B5 | EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY | |||||
| B5 | L5.p1 | Survival and Extinction | ||||
| B5 | L5.p1 | Survival and Extinction | prerequisite | L5.p1A | Define a species and give examples. | |
| B5 | L5.p1 | Survival and Extinction | prerequisite | L5.p1B | Define a population and identify local populations. | |
| B5 | L5.p1 | Survival and Extinction | prerequisite | L5.p1C | Explain how extinction removes genes from the gene pool. | |
| B5 | L5.p1 | Survival and Extinction | prerequisite | L5.p1D | Explain the importance of the fossil record. | |
| B5 | L5.p2 | Classification | ||||
| B5 | L5.p2 | Classification | prerequisite | L5.p2A | Explain, with examples, that ecology studies the varieties and interactions of living things across space while evolution studies the varieties and interactions of living things across time. | |
| B5 | B5.1 | Theory of Evolution | ||||
| B5 | B5.1 | Theory of Evolution | essential | B5.1A | Summarize the major concepts of natural selection (differential survival and reproduction of chance inherited variants, depending on environmental conditions). | |
| B5 | B5.1 | Theory of Evolution | essential | B5.1B | Describe how natural selection provides a mechanism for evolution. | |
| B5 | B5.1 | Theory of Evolution | core | B5.1c | Summarize the relationships between present-day organisms and those that inhabited the Earth in the past (e.g., use fossil record, embryonic stages, homologous structures, chemical basis). | |
| B5 | B5.1 | Theory of Evolution | core | B5.1d | Explain how a new species or variety may originate through the evolutionary process of natural selection. | |
| B5 | B5.1 | Theory of Evolution | core | B5.1e | Explain how natural selection leads to organisms that are well suited for the environment (differential survival and reproduction of chance inherited variants, depending upon environmental conditions). | |
| B5 | B5.1 | Theory of Evolution | core | B5.1f | Explain, using examples, how the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and other evidence may support the theory of evolution. | |
| B5 | B5.1 | Theory of Evolution | core | B5.1g | Illustrate how genetic variation is preserved or eliminated from a population through natural selection (evolution) resulting in biodiversity. | |
| B5 | B5.2x | Molecular Evidence | ||||
| B5 | B5.2x | Molecular Evidence | core | B5.2a | Describe species as reproductively distinct groups of organisms that can be classifi ed based on morphological, behavioral, and molecular similarities. | |
| B5 | B5.2x | Molecular Evidence | core | B5.2b | Explain that the degree of kinship between organisms or species can be estimated from the similarity of their DNA and protein sequences. | |
| B5 | B5.2x | Molecular Evidence | core | B5.2c | Trace the relationship between environmental changes and changes in the gene pool, such as genetic drift and isolation of subpopulations. | |
| B5 | B5.2x | Molecular Evidence | recommended | B5.r2d | Interpret a cladogram or phylogenetic tree showing evolutionary relationships among organisms. | |
| B5 | B5.3 | Natural Selection | ||||
| B5 | B5.3 | Natural Selection | essential | B5.3A | Explain how natural selection acts on individuals, but it is populations that evolve. Relate genetic mutations and genetic variety produced by sexual reproduction to diversity within a given population. | |
| B5 | B5.3 | Natural Selection | essential | B5.3B | Describe the role of geographic isolation in speciation. | |
| B5 | B5.3 | Natural Selection | essential | B5.3C | Give examples of ways in which genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and the diversity of organisms. | |
| B5 | B5.3 | Natural Selection | core | B5.3d | Explain how evolution through natural selection can result in changes in biodiversity. | |
| B5 | B5.3 | Natural Selection | core | B5.3e | Explain how changes at the gene level are the foundation for changes in populations and eventually the formation of new species. | |
| B5 | B5.3 | Natural Selection | core | B5.3f | Demonstrate and explain how biotechnology can improve a population and species. |